HFSP Research Grants support two- to four-member international teams combining distinct expertise to pursue innovative basic research on living systems. Program Grants include independent researchers at any career stage; Early Career teams must satisfy additional independence and doctorate-timing rules. Projects should be scientifically risky, frontier-oriented, and substantially different from ongoing work; applied medical research is outside scope. Funding is a fixed amount based on team composition for three years. For the 2027 competition, teams had to obtain an identifier by March 17 and submit a Letter of Intent by March 26, 2026; new entry is closed while invited full proposals proceed.